Critical Technology

High-Performance & AI Computing

The capacity to build and operate computing at the frontier: supercomputing, AI training and inference at scale, and the accelerator and system architectures that deliver them. One of the capabilities of Semiconductors & Advanced Computing.

International families: 22k2015 to 2024
Leading country: United States2.1× the next
All families: 53khome filings included
Over five years: Rising2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

United States

China

South Korea

Japan

United Kingdom

Taiwan

Germany

France

Canada

Singapore

8,142

3,957

2,955

2,347

895

798

551

415

230

194


1	United States	8,142	37.1%	1.0×	15,120
2	China	3,957	18.0%	1.9×	23,440
3	South Korea	2,955	13.5%	1.9×	5,273
4	Japan	2,347	10.7%	0.8×	2,937
5	United Kingdom	895	4.1%	1.2×	1,227
6	Taiwan	798	3.6%	1.8×	1,154
7	Germany	551	2.5%	1.7×	747
8	France	415	1.9%	1.0×	492
9	Canada	230	1.0%	1.0×	338
10	Singapore	194	0.9%	3.7×	264
11	Israel	176	0.8%	1.1×	326
12	Sweden	166	0.8%	1.0×	171
13	Cayman Islands	139	0.6%	0.3×	188
14	Netherlands	121	0.6%	1.2×	140
15	Switzerland	119	0.5%	2.2×	142
16	Finland	119	0.5%	1.3×	133
17	India	104	0.5%	1.3×	164
18	Italy	61	0.3%	1.8×	83
19	Ireland	48	0.2%	0.5×	67
20	Belgium	45	0.2%	1.1×	47
21	Hong Kong	44	0.2%	1.9×	54
22	Australia	40	0.2%	1.7×	52
23	Russia	29	0.1%	0.9×	96
24	Spain	24	0.1%	2.0×	25
25	Norway	24	0.1%	0.8×	26
26	Türkiye	21	0.1%	2.0×	30
27	Austria	16	0.1%	0.8×	19
28	Denmark	12	0.1%	3.0×	13
29	Luxembourg	10	0.0%	0.7×	10
30	Brazil	8	0.0%	0.6×	15
31	Poland	8	0.0%	1.0×	11
32	Hungary	8	0.0%	1.0×	10
33	Saudi Arabia	7	0.0%	0.8×	12
34	Portugal	7	0.0%	2.5×	7
35	New Zealand	6	0.0%	0.5×	7
36	Malaysia	6	0.0%	5.0×	11
37	Mexico	5	0.0%	1.5×	9
38	South Africa	3	0.0%	0.5×	3
39	Czechia	2	0.0%	1.0×	3
40	Liechtenstein	1	0.0%	–	1

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in High-Performance & AI Computing. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

21,931 international families

INTEL CORP · United States

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD · South Korea

HUAWEI TECH CO LTD · China

QUALCOMM INC · United States

NVIDIA CORP · United States

MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC · United States

1,615

1,593

942

567

558

473

United States

8,142 international families

INTEL CORP

NVIDIA CORP

QUALCOMM INC

MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC

IBM

GOOGLE LLC

1,534

558

541

473

373

366

China

3,957 international families

HUAWEI TECH CO LTD

CAMBRICON TECH CORP LTD

UNIV TSINGHUA

BEIJING BAIDU NETCOM SCI & TECH CO LTD

TENCENT TECH SHENZHEN CO LTD

SHANGHAI CAMBRICON INF TECH CO LTD

901

103

102

South Korea

2,955 international families

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

SK HYNIX INC

SEOUL NAT UNIV R&DB FOUNDATION

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS RES INST

KOREA ADVANCED INST SCI & TECH

LG ELECTRONICS INC

1,577

193

152

116

Japan

2,347 international families

FUJITSU LTD

CANON KK

SEMICONDUCTOR ENERGY LAB

NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE

TOSHIBA KK

TOSHIBA CORP

347

182

119

113

322

Crosswalk

How High-Performance & AI Computing is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 87 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

Entry	Title in the scheme	Why it is chosen	CPC codes	IPC codes	Documents
G06N3/06	Physical realisation, i.e. hardware implementation of neural networks, neurons or parts of neurons	Hardware for neural networks, including AI accelerator chips	6	4	89,921
G06F15/76	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers	Processor architectures, including parallel arrays and systems on chip	49	4	76,812
G06F15/173	Interprocessor communication using an interconnection network, e.g. matrix, shuffle, pyramid, star, snowflake	Interconnection networks between processors	16	1	75,072
G06T1/20	Processor architectures; Processor configuration, e.g. pipelining	Graphics processor architectures	1	1	53,503
G06F9/3885	Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead using a plurality of independent parallel functional units	Parallel execution units within processors	11	none	43,142
G06F9/3877	Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead using a secondary processor, e.g. coprocessor	Coprocessors and accelerators	4	none	13,209

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards High-Performance & AI Computing: 87 codes on 305,490 documents. The full crosswalk is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

Code	Title	Under entry	How placed	Documents
G06N3/063	Physical realisation, i.e. hardware implementation of neural networks, neurons or parts of neurons using electronic means	G06N3/06	In the scheme	64,989
G06T1/20	Processor architectures; Processor configuration, e.g. pipelining	G06T1/20	In the scheme	53,503
G06F9/3885	Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead using a plurality of independent parallel functional units	G06F9/3885	In the scheme	14,987
G06N3/065	Analogue means	G06N3/06	In the scheme	13,456
G06F9/3887	Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead using a plurality of independent parallel functional units controlled by a single instruction for multiple data lanes [SIMD]	G06F9/3885	In the scheme	9,523
G06F15/7807	System on chip, i.e. computer system on a single chip; System in package, i.e. computer system on one or more chips in a single package	G06F15/76	In the scheme	9,041
G06F9/3877	Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead using a secondary processor, e.g. coprocessor	G06F9/3877	In the scheme	8,719
G06F15/7867	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising a single central processing unit with reconfigurable architecture	G06F15/76	In the scheme	8,506
G06F15/173	Interprocessor communication using an interconnection network, e.g. matrix, shuffle, pyramid, star, snowflake	G06F15/173	In the scheme	7,897
G06F9/3888	Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead using a plurality of independent parallel functional units controlled by a single instruction for multiple threads [SIMT] in parallel	G06F9/3885	In the scheme	6,324
G06F15/80	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising an array of processing units with common control, e.g. single instruction multiple data processors	G06F15/76	In the scheme	5,187
G06F15/17331	Distributed shared memory [DSM], e.g. remote direct memory access [RDMA]	G06F15/173	In the scheme	5,075
G06F15/8007	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising an array of processing units with common control, e.g. single instruction multiple data processors single instruction multiple data [SIMD] multiprocessors	G06F15/76	In the scheme	4,544
G06F15/76	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers	G06F15/76	In the scheme	4,359
G06F15/7821	Tightly coupled to memory, e.g. computational memory, smart memory, processor in memory	G06F15/76	In the scheme	4,062
G06N3/061	Physical realisation, i.e. hardware implementation of neural networks, neurons or parts of neurons using biological neurons, e.g. biological neurons connected to an integrated circuit	G06N3/06	In the scheme	3,824
G06F15/78	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising a single central processing unit	G06F15/76	In the scheme	3,696
G06F9/3879	Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead using a secondary processor, e.g. coprocessor for non-native instruction execution, e.g. executing a command; for Java instruction set	G06F9/3877	In the scheme	3,498
G06F9/3891	Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead using a plurality of independent parallel functional units controlled by multiple instructions, e.g. MIMD, decoupled access or execute organised in groups of units sharing resources, e.g. clusters	G06F9/3885	In the scheme	3,493
G06F15/7825	Globally asynchronous, locally synchronous, e.g. network on chip	G06F15/76	In the scheme	3,180
G06F15/8053	Vector processors	G06F15/76	In the scheme	2,929
G06N3/0675	Physical realisation, i.e. hardware implementation of neural networks, neurons or parts of neurons using optical means using electro-optical, acousto-optical or opto-electronic means	G06N3/06	In the scheme	2,906
G06N3/06	Physical realisation, i.e. hardware implementation of neural networks, neurons or parts of neurons	G06N3/06	In the scheme	2,894
G06F15/8023	Two dimensional arrays, e.g. mesh, torus	G06F15/76	In the scheme	2,611
G06F15/781	On-chip cache; Off-chip memory	G06F15/76	In the scheme	2,318
G06F15/7871	Reconfiguration support, e.g. configuration loading, configuration switching, or hardware OS	G06F15/76	In the scheme	2,310
G06F9/3889	Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead using a plurality of independent parallel functional units controlled by multiple instructions, e.g. MIMD, decoupled access or execute	G06F9/3885	In the scheme	2,247
G06F15/17381	Two dimensional, e.g. mesh, torus	G06F15/173	In the scheme	2,150
G06F15/17337	Direct connection machines, e.g. completely connected computers, point to point communication networks	G06F15/173	In the scheme	2,127
G06F9/3893	Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead using a plurality of independent parallel functional units controlled in tandem, e.g. multiplier-accumulator	G06F9/3885	In the scheme	2,119
G06N3/067	Physical realisation, i.e. hardware implementation of neural networks, neurons or parts of neurons using optical means	G06N3/06	In the scheme	1,852
G06F9/3897	Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead using a plurality of independent parallel functional units controlled in tandem, e.g. multiplier-accumulator for complex operations, e.g. multidimensional or interleaved address generators, macros with adaptable data path	G06F9/3885	In the scheme	1,836
G06F15/17375	One dimensional, e.g. linear array, ring	G06F15/173	In the scheme	1,789
G06F15/8015	One dimensional arrays, e.g. rings, linear arrays, buses	G06F15/76	In the scheme	1,776
G06F15/17306	Intercommunication techniques	G06F15/173	In the scheme	1,770
G06F15/8046	Systolic arrays	G06F15/76	In the scheme	1,703
G06F15/17325	Synchronisation; Hardware support therefor	G06F15/173	In the scheme	1,686
G06F15/7839	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising a single central processing unit with memory	G06F15/76	In the scheme	1,551
G06F15/82	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers data or demand driven	G06F15/76	In the scheme	1,489
G06F15/7842	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising a single central processing unit with memory on one IC chip (single chip microcontrollers)	G06F15/76	In the scheme	1,345
G06F15/7814	Specially adapted for real time processing, e.g. comprising hardware timers	G06F15/76	In the scheme	1,315
G06F15/17343	Direct connection machines, e.g. completely connected computers, point to point communication networks wherein the interconnection is dynamically configurable, e.g. having loosely coupled nearest neighbor architecture	G06F15/173	In the scheme	1,191
G06F15/17318	Parallel communications techniques, e.g. gather, scatter, reduce, roadcast, multicast, all to all	G06F15/173	In the scheme	1,167
G06F15/7832	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising a single central processing unit without memory on one IC chip (single chip microprocessors)	G06F15/76	In the scheme	1,149
G06F15/8076	Details on data register access	G06F15/76	In the scheme	1,103
G06F9/3895	Concurrent instruction execution, e.g. pipeline or look ahead using a plurality of independent parallel functional units controlled in tandem, e.g. multiplier-accumulator for complex operations, e.g. multidimensional or interleaved address generators, macros	G06F9/3885	In the scheme	1,051
G06F15/7817	Specially adapted for signal processing, e.g. Harvard architectures	G06F15/76	In the scheme	1,039
G06F15/17312	Routing techniques specific to parallel machines, e.g. wormhole, store and forward, shortest path problem congestion	G06F15/173	In the scheme	1,021
G06F15/7803	System on board, i.e. computer system on one or more PCB, e.g. motherboards, daughterboards or blades	G06F15/76	In the scheme	960
G06F15/8061	Details on data memory access	G06F15/76	In the scheme	924
G06F15/8092	Array of vector units	G06F15/76	In the scheme	890
G06F15/7864	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising a single central processing unit with memory on more than one IC chip	G06F15/76	In the scheme	879
G06F9/3881	Arrangements for communication of instructions and data	G06F9/3877	In the scheme	832
G06F9/38873	Iterative single instructions for multiple data lanes [SIMD]	G06F9/3885	In the scheme	741
G06F9/38885	Divergence aspects	G06F9/3885	In the scheme	691
G06F15/8084	Special arrangements thereof, e.g. mask or switch	G06F15/76	In the scheme	675
G06F15/825	Dataflow computers	G06F15/76	In the scheme	667
G06F15/17393	Indirect interconnection networks non hierarchical topologies having multistage networks, e.g. broadcasting scattering, gathering, hot spot contention, combining/decombining	G06F15/173	In the scheme	663
G06F15/8069	Details on data memory access using a cache	G06F15/76	In the scheme	611
G06F15/7896	Modular architectures, e.g. assembled from a number of identical packages	G06F15/76	In the scheme	607
G06F15/803	Three-dimensional arrays or hypercubes	G06F15/76	In the scheme	550
G06F15/7846	On-chip cache and off-chip main memory	G06F15/76	In the scheme	536
G06F15/17368	Indirect interconnection networks non hierarchical topologies	G06F15/173	In the scheme	514
G06F15/17362	Indirect interconnection networks hierarchical topologies	G06F15/173	In the scheme	509
G06F15/1735	Network adapters, e.g. SCI, Myrinet	G06F15/173	In the scheme	495
G06F15/7889	Reconfigurable logic implemented as a co-processor	G06F15/76	In the scheme	487
G06F15/17356	Indirect interconnection networks	G06F15/173	In the scheme	452
G06F15/8038	Associative processors	G06F15/76	In the scheme	426
G06F15/17387	Three dimensional, e.g. hypercubes	G06F15/173	In the scheme	397
G06F15/7857	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising a single central processing unit with memory on one IC chip (single chip microcontrollers) using interleaved memory	G06F15/76	In the scheme	336
G06F15/786	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising a single central processing unit with memory on one IC chip (single chip microcontrollers) using a single memory module	G06F15/76	In the scheme	332
G06F15/7892	Reconfigurable logic embedded in CPU, e.g. reconfigurable unit	G06F15/76	In the scheme	332
G06F2015/763	Asic	G06F15/76	In the scheme	297
G06F2015/765	Cache	G06F15/76	In the scheme	268
G06F15/7882	Reconfiguration support, e.g. configuration loading, configuration switching, or hardware OS for self reconfiguration	G06F15/76	In the scheme	235
G06F15/785	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising a single central processing unit with memory on one IC chip (single chip microcontrollers) with decentralized control, e.g. smart memories	G06F15/76	In the scheme	230
G06F15/7878	Reconfiguration support, e.g. configuration loading, configuration switching, or hardware OS for pipeline reconfiguration	G06F15/76	In the scheme	222
G06F15/7875	Reconfiguration support, e.g. configuration loading, configuration switching, or hardware OS for multiple contexts	G06F15/76	In the scheme	215
G06F15/7885	Runtime interface, e.g. data exchange, runtime control	G06F15/76	In the scheme	211
G06F15/7835	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising a single central processing unit without memory on more than one IC chip	G06F15/76	In the scheme	187
G06F2015/768	Gate array	G06F15/76	In the scheme	179
G06F2009/3883	Two-engine architectures, i.e. stand-alone processor acting as a secondary processor	G06F9/3877	In the scheme	160
G06F15/7828	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising a single central processing unit without memory	G06F15/76	In the scheme	137
G06F9/38875	Iterative single instructions for multiple data lanes [SIMD] for adaptable or variable architectural vector length	G06F9/3885	In the scheme	130
G06F15/7853	Architectures of general purpose stored program computers comprising a single central processing unit with memory on one IC chip (single chip microcontrollers) including a ROM	G06F15/76	In the scheme	100
G06F2015/761	Indexing scheme relating to architectures of general purpose stored program computers	G06F15/76	In the scheme	60
G06F2015/766	Flash eprom	G06F15/76	In the scheme	46

Match: Direct

The capability is itself a technology or a kind of physical system, and the classification names it. No entry names supercomputers; the two G06F9 entries are CPC only. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

High-Performance & AI Computing

Year by year

Volume

Share by country

Country leaderboard

Ten largest

Applicants

Global

United States

China

South Korea

Japan

United Kingdom

Similar capabilities

Crosswalk

Other capabilities in Semiconductors & Advanced Computing