Critical Technology

Next-Generation Solar & Renewables

The capacity to advance next-generation solar and renewable generation technology, new cell architectures, conversion frontiers and the manufacturing processes that set cost and efficiency. One of the capabilities of Energy Technologies.

International families: 30k2015 to 2024
Leading country: China1.2× the next
All families: 127khome filings included
Over five years: Steady2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

China

Japan

United States

Germany

Denmark

South Korea

France

Taiwan

Spain

United Kingdom

5,522

4,562

3,649

3,261

2,913

2,709

1,083

931

820

660


1	China	5,522	18.2%	2.0×	80,803
2	Japan	4,562	15.1%	0.7×	9,146
3	United States	3,649	12.0%	0.6×	6,304
4	Germany	3,261	10.8%	0.7×	4,438
5	Denmark	2,913	9.6%	1.0×	3,081
6	South Korea	2,709	8.9%	0.8×	10,958
7	France	1,083	3.6%	0.9×	1,455
8	Taiwan	931	3.1%	0.8×	1,827
9	Spain	820	2.7%	2.1×	979
10	United Kingdom	660	2.2%	0.8×	892
11	Netherlands	454	1.5%	0.8×	569
12	Italy	358	1.2%	0.9×	607
13	Switzerland	308	1.0%	0.8×	358
14	Singapore	275	0.9%	1.4×	322
15	Canada	267	0.9%	0.9×	418
16	Sweden	245	0.8%	1.1×	286
17	Norway	237	0.8%	2.5×	336
18	Australia	204	0.7%	1.1×	303
19	Austria	180	0.6%	0.9×	224
20	India	168	0.6%	1.1×	225
21	Türkiye	156	0.5%	2.3×	289
22	Israel	149	0.5%	1.0×	221
23	Belgium	122	0.4%	0.8×	143
24	Finland	117	0.4%	0.7×	142
25	Russia	99	0.3%	0.5×	752
26	Poland	88	0.3%	1.1×	464
27	Saudi Arabia	81	0.3%	0.3×	146
28	Ireland	62	0.2%	1.4×	78
29	Brazil	48	0.2%	0.8×	200
30	Portugal	31	0.1%	1.1×	48
31	Hong Kong	26	0.1%	1.6×	56
32	Luxembourg	24	0.1%	1.4×	26
33	Mexico	19	0.1%	0.7×	114
34	Czechia	18	0.1%	2.6×	38
35	New Zealand	15	0.0%	2.0×	21
36	South Africa	14	0.0%	0.6×	16
37	Malaysia	13	0.0%	0.6×	39
38	Hungary	12	0.0%	0.3×	50
39	Cayman Islands	7	0.0%	0.2×	30
40	Liechtenstein	1	0.0%	0.0×	2

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Next-Generation Solar & Renewables. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

30,296 international families

VESTAS WIND SYS AS · Denmark

SIEMENS GAMESA RENEWABLE ENERGY AS · Denmark

GEN ELECTRIC · United States

WOBBEN PROPERTIES GMBH · Germany

GENERAL ELECTRIC RENOVABLES ESPANA SL · Spain

COMMISSARIAT ENERGIE ATOMIQUE · France

1,218

1,072

564

495

421

386

China

5,522 international families

ZHEJIANG JINKO SOLAR CO LTD

CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

LONGI GREEN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

NINGDE CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH CO LTD

JINKO SOLAR HOLDING CO LTD

BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO LTD

208

197

195

193

174

173

Japan

4,562 international families

PANASONIC IP MAN CO LTD

FUJIFILM CORP

KANEKA CORP

TOSHIBA KK

SONY SEMICONDUCTOR SOLUTIONS CORP

SUMITOMO CHEMICAL CO

268

229

202

179

139

United States

3,649 international families

GEN ELECTRIC

GENERAL ELECTRIC RENOVABLES ESPANA SL

SUNPOWER CORP

ALLIANCE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

BOEING CO

GE INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY LLC

547

183

100

Germany

3,261 international families

WOBBEN PROPERTIES GMBH

NORDEX ENERGY SE & CO KG

SENVION GMBH

SIEMENS AG

FRAUNHOFER GES FORSCHUNG

SIEMENS GAMESA RENEWABLE ENERGY SERVICE GMBH

495

179

175

164

123

103

Denmark

2,913 international families

VESTAS WIND SYS AS

1.0% shared · 588 families in both

Japan

United States

China

South Korea

Germany

11,491

5,498

3,423

3,088

2,261

Crosswalk

How Next-Generation Solar & Renewables is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 439 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

Entry	Title in the scheme	Why it is chosen	CPC codes	IPC codes	Documents
H10F10/00	Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells	Solar cells	86	63	226,326
H10F19/00	Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules	Photovoltaic modules and integrated cell assemblies	35	17	180,416
H10F71/00	Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass	Manufacture of solar cells and other light-sensitive devices	58	3	224,409
H10K30/00	Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation	Organic and perovskite solar cells and photodetectors	54	26	167,340
H10K85/50	Organic perovskites; Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites [HOIP], e.g. CH3NH3PbI3	Perovskite absorber materials	1	1	13,329
H01G9/20	Light-sensitive devices	Dye-sensitised solar cells	22	1	55,304
F03D	Wind motors	Wind turbines	306	72	607,912
F03B13/12	Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy	Wave and tidal power	37	8	62,816

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Next-Generation Solar & Renewables: 599 codes on 1,456,706 documents. The 150 most used are listed; the full list is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

Code	Title	Under entry	How placed	Documents
H10F71/00	Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass	H10F71/00	In the scheme	54,535
F03D9/25	Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator	F03D	In the scheme	35,033
H10F71/121	The active layers comprising only Group IV materials	H10F71/00	In the scheme	34,082
H10F19/80	Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells	H10F19/00	In the scheme	32,847
H10K30/50	Photovoltaic [PV] devices	H10K30/00	In the scheme	27,797
F03D13/20	Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors	F03D	In the scheme	24,201
F03D17/00	Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics	F03D	In the scheme	22,923
H10F19/00	Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules	H10F19/00	In the scheme	22,811
F03D1/0675	Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades	F03D	In the scheme	21,746
H10F10/00	Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells	H10F10/00	In the scheme	20,853
F03D80/00	Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00	F03D	In the scheme	19,595
F03D80/70	Bearing or lubricating arrangements	F03D	In the scheme	17,481
H10F19/804	Materials of encapsulations	H10F19/00	In the scheme	17,467
F03D7/0224	Adjusting blade pitch	F03D	In the scheme	17,441
F03D13/10	Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors	F03D	In the scheme	17,424
H10F10/14	Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers	H10F10/00	In the scheme	15,954
H10K30/30	Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains	H10K30/00	In the scheme	15,606
H10F19/902	Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells	H10F19/00	In the scheme	14,428
F03D13/25	Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation	F03D	In the scheme	14,169
F03D15/00	Transmission of mechanical power	F03D	In the scheme	13,442
H10K85/50	Organic perovskites; Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites [HOIP], e.g. CH3NH3PbI3	H10K85/50	In the scheme	13,329
H01G9/2031	Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2	H01G9/20	In the scheme	13,274
H10F19/85	Protective back sheets	H10F19/00	In the scheme	12,500
H10F71/128	Annealing	H10F71/00	In the scheme	12,125
H10F71/129	Passivating	H10F71/00	In the scheme	11,477
H10F71/138	Manufacture of transparent electrodes, e.g. transparent conductive oxides [TCO] or indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes	H10F71/00	In the scheme	11,289
H01G9/2059	Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution	H01G9/20	In the scheme	10,889
F03D80/50	Maintenance or repair	F03D	In the scheme	10,799
H10K30/00	Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation	H10K30/00	In the scheme	10,628
F03D9/11	Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy	F03D	In the scheme	10,385
H10F71/137	Batch treatment of the devices	H10F71/00	In the scheme	10,069
H10F10/146	Back-junction photovoltaic cells, e.g. having interdigitated base-emitter regions on the back side	H10F10/00	In the scheme	9,838
H10F19/904	Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells characterised by the shapes of the structures	H10F19/00	In the scheme	9,691
H10F10/166	Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells the heterojunctions being Group IV-IV heterojunctions, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC photovoltaic cells the Group IV-IV heterojunctions being heterojunctions of crystalline and amorphous materials, e.g. silicon heterojunction [SHJ] photovoltaic cells	H10F10/00	In the scheme	9,139
F03D7/0204	Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction	F03D	In the scheme	9,125
H10K30/81	Electrodes	H10K30/00	In the scheme	9,124
F03D3/005	Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor the axis being vertical	F03D	In the scheme	9,026
F03D15/10	Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members	F03D	In the scheme	8,869
H10K30/88	Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations	H10K30/00	In the scheme	8,865
H10K30/82	Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes	H10K30/00	In the scheme	8,678
H10K30/40	Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising a p-i-n structure, e.g. having a perovskite absorber between p-type and n-type charge transport layers	H10K30/00	In the scheme	8,629
H10F71/103	Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass the devices comprising amorphous semiconductor material including only Group IV materials	H10F71/00	In the scheme	8,604
F03D9/255	Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor	F03D	In the scheme	8,134
F03B13/264	Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement	F03B13/12	In the scheme	8,072
F03D7/048	Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller controlling wind farms	F03D	In the scheme	7,866
F03D1/0658	Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub	F03D	In the scheme	7,845
H01L31/18	Retired code	H10F71/00	Retired, by concordance	7,688
H10F19/31	Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules comprising thin-film photovoltaic cells having multiple laterally adjacent thin-film photovoltaic cells deposited on the same substrate	H10F19/00	In the scheme	7,546
H10F10/167	Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising Group I-III-VI materials, e.g. CdS/CuInSe2 [CIS] heterojunction photovoltaic cells	H10F10/00	In the scheme	7,543
F03D3/062	Rotors characterised by their construction elements	F03D	In the scheme	7,456
F03D7/042	Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller	F03D	In the scheme	7,344
H10F10/17	Photovoltaic cells having only PIN junction potential barriers	H10F10/00	In the scheme	7,334
H10F19/90	Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers	H10F19/00	In the scheme	7,261
F03D7/00	Controlling wind motors	F03D	In the scheme	6,872
F03D13/40	Arrangements or methods specially adapted for transporting wind motor components	F03D	In the scheme	6,761
F03D80/60	Cooling or heating of wind motors	F03D	In the scheme	6,746
F03D9/007	Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy	F03D	In the scheme	6,687
F03D1/04	Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels	F03D	In the scheme	6,621
F03D13/22	Foundations specially adapted for wind motors	F03D	In the scheme	6,616
H10F19/908	Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells for back-contact photovoltaic cells	H10F19/00	In the scheme	6,531
H10K30/20	Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising organic-organic junctions, e.g. donor-acceptor junctions	H10K30/00	In the scheme	6,501
H10F19/807	Double-glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets	H10F19/00	In the scheme	6,495
H10K30/10	Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising heterojunctions between organic semiconductors and inorganic semiconductors	H10K30/00	In the scheme	6,470
F03D1/0633	Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades	F03D	In the scheme	6,380
F03D3/061	Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles	F03D	In the scheme	6,356
F03B13/20	Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" wherein both members, i.e. wom and rem are movable relative to the sea bed or shore	F03B13/12	In the scheme	6,294
H10F10/16	Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers	H10F10/00	In the scheme	6,166
F03D7/0284	Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid	F03D	In the scheme	6,011
F03D9/32	Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on moving objects, e.g. vehicles	F03D	In the scheme	5,983
F03D9/257	Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor the wind motor being part of a wind farm	F03D	In the scheme	5,760
H10K30/151	Sensitised wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, e.g. dye-sensitised TiO2 the wide bandgap semiconductor comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2	H10K30/00	In the scheme	5,633
H10F19/906	Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells characterised by the materials of the structures	H10F19/00	In the scheme	5,593
F03D3/02	Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor having a plurality of rotors	F03D	In the scheme	5,458
F03D80/30	Lightning protection	F03D	In the scheme	5,434
H10F19/30	Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules comprising thin-film photovoltaic cells	H10F19/00	In the scheme	5,305
H10F71/1375	Apparatus for automatic interconnection of photovoltaic cells in a module	H10F71/00	In the scheme	5,295
F03D1/06	Rotors	F03D	In the scheme	5,290
H10F71/1221	The active layers comprising only Group IV materials comprising polycrystalline silicon	H10F71/00	In the scheme	5,093
F03B13/14	Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy	F03B13/12	In the scheme	5,042
F03D7/06	Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor	F03D	In the scheme	4,937
H10F10/142	Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers comprising multiple PN homojunctions, e.g. tandem cells	H10F10/00	In the scheme	4,917
F03D1/065	Rotors characterised by their construction elements	F03D	In the scheme	4,844
H10F71/134	Irradiation with electromagnetic or particle radiation	H10F71/00	In the scheme	4,836
F03D9/28	Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being a pump or a compressor	F03D	In the scheme	4,804
H10F10/161	Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising multiple PN heterojunctions, e.g. tandem cells	H10F10/00	In the scheme	4,688
F03D7/0296	Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor to prevent, counteract or reduce noise emissions	F03D	In the scheme	4,577
F03D80/40	Ice detection; De-icing means	F03D	In the scheme	4,532
H01G9/20	Light-sensitive devices	H01G9/20	In the scheme	4,493
H10K30/80	Constructional details	H10K30/00	In the scheme	4,460
F03D7/0276	Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling rotor speed, e.g. variable speed	F03D	In the scheme	4,431
H10F10/165	Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells the heterojunctions being Group IV-IV heterojunctions, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC photovoltaic cells	H10F10/00	In the scheme	4,398
H10F10/10	Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers	H10F10/00	In the scheme	4,367
F03D9/00	Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations	F03D	In the scheme	4,336
H10F10/172	Photovoltaic cells having only PIN junction potential barriers comprising multiple PIN junctions, e.g. tandem cells	H10F10/00	In the scheme	4,331
F03D7/02	Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor	F03D	In the scheme	4,330
F03D7/028	Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power	F03D	In the scheme	4,317
F03D7/04	Automatic control; Regulation	F03D	In the scheme	4,290
H10K30/57	Photovoltaic [PV] devices comprising multiple junctions, e.g. tandem PV cells	H10K30/00	In the scheme	4,271
H10F71/1272	The active layers comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaAs or InP comprising at least three elements, e.g. GaAlAs or InGaAsP	H10F71/00	In the scheme	4,164
H10K30/86	Layers having high hole mobility, e.g. hole-transporting layers or electron-blocking layers	H10K30/00	In the scheme	4,074
H10F71/139	Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass using temporary substrates	H10F71/00	In the scheme	4,070
H10K30/15	Sensitised wide-bandgap semiconductor devices, e.g. dye-sensitised TiO2	H10K30/00	In the scheme	4,036
H10F19/33	Patterning processes to connect the photovoltaic cells, e.g. laser cutting of conductive or active layers	H10F19/00	In the scheme	4,012
H10F19/35	Structures for the connecting of adjacent photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers	H10F19/00	In the scheme	4,009
F03B13/26	Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy	F03B13/12	In the scheme	3,913
H10K30/87	Light-trapping means	H10K30/00	In the scheme	3,846
F03D7/0272	Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor by measures acting on the electrical generator	F03D	In the scheme	3,773
H10F71/125	The active layers comprising only Group II-VI materials, e.g. CdS, ZnS or CdTe	H10F71/00	In the scheme	3,665
F03D1/02	Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor having a plurality of rotors	F03D	In the scheme	3,627
F03D1/00	Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor	F03D	In the scheme	3,618
F03D7/043	Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic	F03D	In the scheme	3,552
F03D7/0264	Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for stopping; controlling in emergency situations	F03D	In the scheme	3,542
F03B13/22	Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the flow of water resulting from wave movements to drive a motor or turbine	F03B13/12	In the scheme	3,535
H01G9/2009	Solid electrolytes	H01G9/20	In the scheme	3,530
H10F71/127	The active layers comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaAs or InP	H10F71/00	In the scheme	3,418
H10K30/85	Layers having high electron mobility, e.g. electron-transporting layers or hole-blocking layers	H10K30/00	In the scheme	3,404
F03D9/008	Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with water energy converters, e.g. a water turbine	F03D	In the scheme	3,335
F03D80/88	Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers of mechanical components	F03D	In the scheme	3,318
F03D1/0641	Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades of the section profile of the blades, i.e. aerofoil profile	F03D	In the scheme	3,249
F03D1/0608	Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape	F03D	In the scheme	3,234
F03B13/1815	Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with an up-and-down movement	F03B13/12	In the scheme	3,206
F03D13/256	Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation on a floating support, i.e. floating wind motors	F03D	In the scheme	3,182
H01G9/2022	Light-sensitive devices characterized by he counter electrode	H01G9/20	In the scheme	3,102
H10F19/40	Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules comprising photovoltaic cells in a mechanically stacked configuration	H10F19/00	In the scheme	3,101
H10K30/865	Intermediate layers comprising a mixture of materials of the adjoining active layers	H10K30/00	In the scheme	3,090
F03D9/17	Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing energy in pressurised fluids	F03D	In the scheme	3,015
H01L31/042	Retired code	H10F19/00	Retired, by concordance	3,015
F03D5/00	Other wind motors	F03D	In the scheme	3,000
F03D7/047	Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the controller architecture, e.g. multiple processors or data communications	F03D	In the scheme	2,893
F03D15/20	Gearless transmission, i.e. direct-drive	F03D	In the scheme	2,879
F03D80/82	Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers of electrical components	F03D	In the scheme	2,834
H10F10/162	Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising only Group II-VI materials, e.g. CdS/CdTe photovoltaic cells	H10F10/00	In the scheme	2,832
H10K30/353	Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains comprising blocking layers, e.g. exciton blocking layers	H10K30/00	In the scheme	2,809
F03D80/80	Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers	F03D	In the scheme	2,787
H10K30/60	Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation in which radiation controls flow of current through the devices, e.g. photoresistors	H10K30/00	In the scheme	2,777
F03D3/068	Cyclic movements mechanically controlled by the rotor structure	F03D	In the scheme	2,774
H10F71/1276	The active layers comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaAs or InP comprising growth substrates not made of Group III-V materials	H10F71/00	In the scheme	2,751
F03D3/067	Cyclic movements	F03D	In the scheme	2,734
F03B13/18	Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore	F03B13/12	In the scheme	2,711
F03D80/85	Cabling	F03D	In the scheme	2,678
F03D3/04	Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels	F03D	In the scheme	2,665
H10K30/35	Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains comprising inorganic nanostructures, e.g. CdSe nanoparticles	H10K30/00	In the scheme	2,603
H10F10/19	Photovoltaic cells having multiple potential barriers of different types, e.g. tandem cells having both PN and PIN junctions	H10F10/00	In the scheme	2,600
H01G9/2027	Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode	H01G9/20	In the scheme	2,565
F03D7/046	Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic with learning or adaptive control, e.g. self-tuning, fuzzy logic or neural network	F03D	In the scheme	2,554
H10F71/10	Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass the devices comprising amorphous semiconductor material	H10F71/00	In the scheme	2,536
F03D7/045	Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic with model-based controls	F03D	In the scheme	2,535
F03D7/0244	Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for braking	F03D	In the scheme	2,506
H01G9/2068	Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells	H01G9/20	In the scheme	2,472
H10F71/131	Recrystallisation; Crystallization of amorphous or microcrystalline semiconductors	H10F71/00	In the scheme	2,457

Match: Direct

The capability is itself a technology or a kind of physical system, and the classification names it. Solar entries are new (H10F); the older H01L31 is absent from the scheme, so earlier IPC-only Chinese solar patents are missed, and wind (F03D) is larger than all the solar entries together. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

Next-Generation Solar & Renewables

Year by year

Volume

Share by country

Country leaderboard

Ten largest

Applicants

Global

China

Japan

United States

Germany

Denmark

Similar capabilities

Crosswalk

Other capabilities in Energy Technologies