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Critical Technology

Quantum Communication

The capacity to communicate with quantum states, quantum key distribution, quantum networks and the path toward quantum-secure links at national scale. One of the capabilities of Quantum Technologies.

International families
1,8842015 to 2024
Leading country
United States1.7× the next
All families
8,106home filings included
Over five years
Rising2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Germany

United Kingdom

France

Switzerland

Canada

Netherlands

416

252

215

195

177

119

81

58

58

31

2000 to 2025
1United States41622.1%1.8×
929
2China25213.4%1.7×
5,354
3Japan21511.4%2.6×
254
4South Korea19510.4%3.4×
562
5Germany1779.4%3.4×
227
6United Kingdom1196.3%1.8×
147
7France814.3%3.3×
85
8Switzerland583.1%1.4×
61
9Canada583.1%3.5×
82
10Netherlands311.6%6.8×
34
11Finland271.4%2.0×
27
12Israel261.4%3.3×
45
13Sweden241.3%3.8×
24
14Spain241.3%7.0×
24
15Singapore221.2%4.5×
24
16Taiwan201.1%4.0×
28
17Italy181.0%5.0×
20
18Austria170.9%0.7×
18
19Cayman Islands160.8%0.0×
16
20Russia140.7%1.0×
43
21Poland120.6%5.0×
15
22Australia110.6%–
11
23India110.6%–
20
24Ireland60.3%–
8
25Hong Kong60.3%0.2×
6
26Türkiye50.3%1.5×
6
27Denmark40.2%3.0×
4
28Belgium30.2%–
3
29South Africa20.1%1.0×
2
30Liechtenstein20.1%–
2
31Norway10.1%–
1
32Czechia10.1%–
2
33Portugal10.1%0.0×
2
34Hungary10.1%0.0×
1
35Brazil00.0%–
1
36Saudi Arabia00.0%–
1
37Mexico00.0%–
2

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Quantum Communication. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

1,884 international families

TOSHIBA KK · Japan

TOSHIBA CORP · Japan

LG ELECTRONICS INC · South Korea

DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG · Germany

HUAWEI TECH CO LTD · China

NEC CORP · Japan

112

107

64

50

44

42

United States

416 international families

PSIQUANTUM CORP

INTEL CORP

IBM

UNIV ARIZONA

MASSACHUSETTS INST TECHNOLOGY

CORNING INC

25

23

21

19

18

14

China

252 international families

HUAWEI TECH CO LTD

CHINA TELECOM QUANTUM TECH CO LTD

QUANTUMCTEK CO LTD

CHINA TELECOM QUANTUM INFORMATION TECH GROUP CO LTD

CHINA ACADEMY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECH OF CETC

UNIV SOOCHOW

41

19

19

13

12

10

Japan

215 international families

TOSHIBA KK

TOSHIBA CORP

NEC CORP

NAT INST INF & COMM TECH

NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE

TOSHIBA DIGITAL SOLUTIONS CORP

108

103

39

16

16

12

South Korea

195 international families

LG ELECTRONICS INC

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS RES INST

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

KOREA INST SCI & TECH INF

KOREA ADVANCED INST SCI & TECH

KOREA INST OF SCIENCE AND TECH INFORMATION

64

27

11

10

7

7

Germany

177 international families

DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG

HUAWEI TECH DUESSELDORF GMBH

FRAUNHOFER GES FORSCHUNG

BOSCH GMBH ROBERT

BUNDESDRUCKEREI GMBH

ELMOS SEMICONDUCTOR SE

50

31

20

6

6

5

Similar capabilities

The nine capabilities that share the most international patent families with Quantum Communication, 2015 to 2024: the families counted in both as a share of those counted in either. Each card shows its five largest countries.

Critical Technology

Quantum Computing

6.3% shared · 470 families in both

United States

Japan

China

Germany

France

2,335

791

484

336

322

Critical Technology

Post-Quantum Cryptography

2.4% shared · 54 families in both

South Korea

United States

France

Japan

Germany

98

86

52

46

30

Critical Technology

Privacy, Identity & Trust Technologies

1.9% shared · 1,354 families in both

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Germany

20,167

13,819

8,702

6,734

3,966

Critical Technology

Advanced Optical Communication & Photonics

1.3% shared · 654 families in both

Japan

United States

China

Germany

South Korea

13,338

11,398

9,204

2,973

2,316

Strategic Infrastructure

Core & Backbone Networks

1.1% shared · 1,109 families in both

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Germany

26,336

26,166

15,255

6,683

4,804

National Security

Command, Control & Communications

0.8% shared · 19 families in both

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Germany

220

57

55

51

26

Critical Technology

Protective Cybersecurity Technologies

0.5% shared · 412 families in both

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Germany

24,476

15,698

8,691

6,051

4,461

Critical Technology

Nanomaterials & Metamaterials

0.5% shared · 143 families in both

United States

South Korea

China

Japan

Taiwan

6,721

3,882

3,587

3,507

2,242

Critical Technology

Quantum Sensing & Metrology

0.5% shared · 15 families in both

United States

Japan

Germany

France

China

309

295

149

65

61

Crosswalk

How Quantum Communication is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 4 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

EntryTitle in the schemeWhy it is chosenCPC codesIPC codesDocuments
H04B10/70Photonic quantum communicationPhotonic quantum communication1110,414
H04L9/0852Quantum cryptographyQuantum cryptography and quantum key distribution3none23,285

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Quantum Communication: 4 codes on 33,699 documents. The full crosswalk is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

CodeTitleUnder entryHow placedDocuments
H04L9/0852Quantum cryptographyH04L9/0852In the scheme15,420
H04B10/70Photonic quantum communicationH04B10/70In the scheme10,414
H04L9/0858Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase codingH04L9/0852In the scheme5,516
H04L9/0855Quantum cryptography involving additional nodes, e.g. quantum relays, repeaters, intermediate nodes or remote nodesH04L9/0852In the scheme2,349
Match: Direct
The capability is itself a technology or a kind of physical system, and the classification names it. Quantum key distribution is separable only in CPC; in IPC it sits inside H04L9/08 with all key management. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

Other capabilities in Quantum Technologies