Human Capital

Knowledge Production

The capacity to produce research at the frontier, in volume and at a quality the world cites. One of the capabilities of Research Talent & Knowledge Creation.

International families: 34k2015 to 2024
Leading country: United States1.5× the next
All families: 77khome filings included
Over five years: Steady2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

United States

Japan

Germany

China

South Korea

United Kingdom

Netherlands

France

Switzerland

Singapore

9,688

6,387

4,131

2,870

1,604

1,341

1,029

989

930

703


1	United States	9,688	28.5%	0.9×	13,073
2	Japan	6,387	18.8%	0.7×	9,039
3	Germany	4,131	12.1%	1.2×	5,098
4	China	2,870	8.4%	1.6×	33,744
5	South Korea	1,604	4.7%	1.2×	4,788
6	United Kingdom	1,341	3.9%	0.9×	1,524
7	Netherlands	1,029	3.0%	1.2×	1,092
8	France	989	2.9%	1.0×	1,120
9	Switzerland	930	2.7%	1.0×	976
10	Singapore	703	2.1%	1.6×	745
11	Taiwan	664	2.0%	1.1×	939
12	Canada	502	1.5%	1.0×	627
13	Israel	386	1.1%	1.4×	460
14	Italy	292	0.9%	1.0×	374
15	Belgium	268	0.8%	1.0×	290
16	Australia	249	0.7%	0.8×	271
17	Austria	204	0.6%	1.4×	217
18	Sweden	191	0.6%	1.2×	221
19	Spain	186	0.5%	0.8×	207
20	Finland	161	0.5%	1.1×	173
21	India	140	0.4%	1.2×	160
22	Türkiye	120	0.4%	2.4×	156
23	Ireland	116	0.3%	1.1×	123
24	Denmark	114	0.3%	0.8×	121
25	Saudi Arabia	91	0.3%	0.8×	148
26	Czechia	61	0.2%	1.2×	81
27	Poland	60	0.2%	1.1×	219
28	Portugal	44	0.1%	0.9×	50
29	Norway	41	0.1%	1.1×	46
30	Hungary	41	0.1%	1.4×	54
31	Brazil	40	0.1%	1.4×	121
32	New Zealand	33	0.1%	1.2×	35
33	Luxembourg	29	0.1%	0.7×	31
34	Russia	27	0.1%	0.5×	311
35	Hong Kong	27	0.1%	1.7×	66
36	Mexico	16	0.0%	1.0×	39
37	Cayman Islands	13	0.0%	0.2×	23
38	Liechtenstein	10	0.0%	1.0×	11
39	South Africa	9	0.0%	2.0×	9
40	Malaysia	7	0.0%	1.3×	14

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Knowledge Production. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

34,012 international families

HITACHI HIGH TECH CORP · Japan

SHIMADZU CORP · Japan

ZEISS CARL MICROSCOPY GMBH · Germany

ASML NETHERLANDS BV · Netherlands

FEI CO · United States

LEICA MICROSYSTEMS · Germany

923

757

515

501

403

372

United States

9,688 international families

FEI CO

HEWLETT PACKARD DEVELOPMENT CO

ILLUMINA INC

UNIV CALIFORNIA

THERMO FINNIGAN LLC

SIEMENS HEALTHCARE DIAGNOSTICS INC

397

347

277

239

186

169

Japan

6,387 international families

HITACHI HIGH TECH CORP

SHIMADZU CORP

OLYMPUS CORP

JEOL LTD

HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS KK

FUJIFILM CORP

921

754

369

251

233

194

Germany

4,131 international families

ZEISS CARL MICROSCOPY GMBH

LEICA MICROSYSTEMS

BOSCH GMBH ROBERT

THERMO FISHER SCIENT BREMEN GMBH

ZEISS CARL SMT GMBH

ZEISS CARL MEDITEC AG

512

316

224

152

135

China

2,870 international families

BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO LTD

UNIV TSINGHUA

MGI TECH CO LTD

BEIJING BOE OPTOELECTRONICS TECH CO LTD

SHENZHEN INST OF ADV TECH CAS

BEIJING BOE TECHNOLOGY DEV CO LTD

225

South Korea

United States

China

Japan

Germany

South Korea

4,153

2,013

1,410

792

720

Crosswalk

How Knowledge Production is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 657 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

Entry	Title in the scheme	Why it is chosen	CPC codes	IPC codes	Documents
B01L	Chemical or physical laboratory apparatus for general use	General laboratory apparatus	327	29	1,692,073
G01Q	Scanning-probe techniques or apparatus; applications of scanning-probe techniques, e.g. scanning probe microscopy [spm]	Scanning-probe microscopy	68	65	93,204
G02B21/00	Microscopes	Optical microscopes	68	20	250,841
H01J37/26	Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes	Electron and ion microscopes	13	6	52,224
H01J49/00	Particle spectrometers or separator tubes	Mass spectrometers	132	25	216,570
G01N24/00	Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects	Magnetic resonance analysis of materials	16	5	28,980
H05H7/00	Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00	Particle accelerator components	39	12	25,018
H05H13/00	Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons	Cyclotrons and synchrotrons	8	6	9,596

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Knowledge Production: 671 codes on 2,321,544 documents. The 150 most used are listed; the full list is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

Code	Title	Under entry	How placed	Documents
B01L3/502715	Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces	B01L	In the scheme	42,689
B01L2300/0816	Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions	B01L	In the scheme	39,966
B01L3/5027	Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip	B01L	In the scheme	33,357
B01L3/502761	Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip specially adapted for handling suspended solids or molecules independently from the bulk fluid flow, e.g. for trapping or sorting beads or physically stretching molecules	B01L	In the scheme	28,912
B01L3/50273	Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the means or forces applied to move the fluids	B01L	In the scheme	28,364
H01J37/28	Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes with scanning beams	H01J37/26	In the scheme	28,167
B01L7/52	Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples	B01L	In the scheme	26,950
B01L2400/0487	Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure fluid pressure, pneumatics	B01L	In the scheme	26,770
B01L3/502707	Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the manufacture of the container or its components	B01L	In the scheme	25,702
B01L2200/16	Reagents, handling or storing thereof	B01L	In the scheme	23,863
B01L2300/0887	Laminated structure	B01L	In the scheme	23,419
B01L2300/0681	Filter	B01L	In the scheme	22,760
B01L2400/0406	Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces capillary forces	B01L	In the scheme	21,580
B01L2200/10	Integrating sample preparation and analysis in single entity, e.g. lab-on-a-chip concept	B01L	In the scheme	21,083
B01L3/502	Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures	B01L	In the scheme	20,656
B01L2300/0864	Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices comprising only one inlet and multiple receiving wells, e.g. for separation, splitting	B01L	In the scheme	20,303
B01L2300/0829	Multi-well plates; Microtitration plates	B01L	In the scheme	19,886
B01L2200/025	Align devices or objects to ensure defined positions relative to each other	B01L	In the scheme	19,648
B01L2200/0689	Sealing	B01L	In the scheme	18,984
B01L2200/027	Fluid interfacing between devices or objects, e.g. connectors, inlet details for microfluidic devices	B01L	In the scheme	18,318
B01L3/502738	Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by integrated valves	B01L	In the scheme	18,293
B01L2300/0645	Electrodes	B01L	In the scheme	17,910
B01L2300/0867	Multiple inlets and one sample wells, e.g. mixing, dilution	B01L	In the scheme	16,805
B01L2200/12	Specific details about manufacturing devices	B01L	In the scheme	16,576
B01L3/5085	Rigid containers without fluid transport within for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates	B01L	In the scheme	16,377
B01L2300/0654	Lenses; Optical fibres	B01L	In the scheme	14,996
G02B21/367	Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes providing an output produced by processing a plurality of individual source images, e.g. image tiling, montage, composite images, depth sectioning, image comparison	G02B21/00	In the scheme	14,619
B01L2300/0636	Integrated biosensor, microarrays	B01L	In the scheme	13,968
B01L9/06	Test-tube stands; Test-tube holders	B01L	In the scheme	13,934
G02B21/06	Means for illuminating specimens	G02B21/00	In the scheme	13,807
B01L2300/123	Flexible; Elastomeric	B01L	In the scheme	13,516
B01L2300/087	Multiple sequential chambers	B01L	In the scheme	13,505
G02B21/365	Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes	G02B21/00	In the scheme	13,366
B01L2200/0647	Handling flowable solids, e.g. microscopic beads, cells, particles	B01L	In the scheme	13,362
B01L3/502753	Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by bulk separation arrangements on lab-on-a-chip devices, e.g. for filtration or centrifugation	B01L	In the scheme	13,276
B01L3/5023	Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures with a sample being transported to, and subsequently stored in an absorbent for analysis	B01L	In the scheme	12,783
B01L2300/042	Caps; Plugs	B01L	In the scheme	12,728
B01L2200/0668	Trapping microscopic beads	B01L	In the scheme	12,641
G02B21/16	Microscopes adapted for ultraviolet illumination ; Fluorescence microscopes	G02B21/00	In the scheme	12,579
B01L2300/0861	Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices	B01L	In the scheme	12,443
G02B21/0076	Optical details of the image generation arrangements using fluorescence or luminescence	G02B21/00	In the scheme	12,367
B01L2400/0481	Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure squeezing of channels or chambers	B01L	In the scheme	12,359
B01L2300/0819	Microarrays; Biochips	B01L	In the scheme	12,085
B01L2200/0684	Venting, avoiding backpressure, avoid gas bubbles	B01L	In the scheme	11,925
B01L2400/0409	Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces centrifugal forces	B01L	In the scheme	11,672
B01L7/00	Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices	B01L	In the scheme	11,597
B01L2300/1827	Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks using resistive heater	B01L	In the scheme	11,561
B01L2200/026	Fluid interfacing between devices or objects, e.g. connectors, inlet details	B01L	In the scheme	11,375
B01L2300/0832	Geometry, shape and general structure cylindrical, tube shaped	B01L	In the scheme	11,338
B01L2300/12	Specific details about materials	B01L	In the scheme	11,222
H01J49/0031	Step by step routines describing the use of the apparatus	H01J49/00	In the scheme	11,192
B01L2400/0478	Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure pistons	B01L	In the scheme	11,115
B01L2300/044	Connecting closures to device or container pierceable, e.g. films, membranes	B01L	In the scheme	11,093
B01L3/502746	Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the means for controlling flow resistance, e.g. flow controllers, baffles or throttle valves	B01L	In the scheme	11,036
B01L2300/0877	Flow chambers	B01L	In the scheme	10,981
B01L2300/0825	Test strips	B01L	In the scheme	10,949
G02B21/0032	Optical details of illumination, e.g. light-sources, pinholes, beam splitters, slits, fibers	G02B21/00	In the scheme	10,845
B01L3/50825	Closing or opening means, corks, bungs	B01L	In the scheme	10,740
B01L2200/0652	Sorting or classification of particles or molecules	B01L	In the scheme	10,656
G02B21/26	Stages; Adjusting means therefor	G02B21/00	In the scheme	10,310
B01L2200/141	Preventing contamination, tampering	B01L	In the scheme	10,217
G02B21/361	Optical details, e.g. image relay to the camera or image sensor	G02B21/00	In the scheme	10,156
B01L3/508	Rigid containers without fluid transport within	B01L	In the scheme	10,148
G02B21/34	Microscope slides, e.g. mounting specimens on microscope slides	G02B21/00	In the scheme	10,145
B01L2300/0663	Whole sensors	B01L	In the scheme	10,036
B01L2400/086	Passive control of flow resistance using baffles or other fixed flow obstructions	B01L	In the scheme	9,958
B01L2300/021	Identification, e.g. bar codes	B01L	In the scheme	9,884
B01L3/502784	Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements specially adapted for droplet or plug flow, e.g. digital microfluidics	B01L	In the scheme	9,874
B01L2300/069	Absorbents; Gels to retain a fluid	B01L	In the scheme	9,753
B01L3/5082	Test tubes per se	B01L	In the scheme	9,497
B01L2400/043	Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces magnetic forces	B01L	In the scheme	9,216
B01L2300/0627	Sensor or part of a sensor is integrated	B01L	In the scheme	9,204
B01L2300/161	Control and use of surface tension forces, e.g. hydrophobic, hydrophilic	B01L	In the scheme	9,199
H01J49/0036	Step by step routines describing the handling of the data generated during a measurement	H01J49/00	In the scheme	9,116
B01L2200/0605	Metering of fluids	B01L	In the scheme	9,076
B01L3/00	Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers	B01L	In the scheme	9,014
H01J37/26	Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes	H01J37/26	In the scheme	8,861
B01L2400/0415	Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic	B01L	In the scheme	8,643
G01N24/08	Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance	G01N24/00	In the scheme	8,514
B01L2300/0672	Integrated piercing tool	B01L	In the scheme	8,308
H01J49/40	Time-of-flight spectrometers	H01J49/00	In the scheme	8,252
B01L2300/0883	Serpentine channels	B01L	In the scheme	8,209
B01L3/021	Pipettes, i.e. with only one conduit for withdrawing and redistributing liquids	B01L	In the scheme	8,194
B01L2300/1822	Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks using Peltier elements	B01L	In the scheme	8,109
B01L2200/0673	Handling of plugs of fluid surrounded by immiscible fluid	B01L	In the scheme	8,067
B01L2300/0609	Holders integrated in container to position an object	B01L	In the scheme	7,958
B01L3/5025	Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures for parallel transport of multiple samples	B01L	In the scheme	7,838
B01L3/5021	Test tubes specially adapted for centrifugation purposes	B01L	In the scheme	7,762
B01L3/50853	Rigid containers without fluid transport within for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates with covers or lids	B01L	In the scheme	7,648
B01L2400/049	Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure fluid pressure, pneumatics vacuum	B01L	In the scheme	7,624
B01L2200/143	Quality control, feedback systems	B01L	In the scheme	7,574
B01L2300/0858	Side walls	B01L	In the scheme	7,468
B01L2200/04	Exchange or ejection of cartridges, containers or reservoirs	B01L	In the scheme	7,355
G02B21/02	Objectives	G02B21/00	In the scheme	7,307
B01L2300/0803	Disc shape	B01L	In the scheme	7,056
B01L2300/0851	Bottom walls	B01L	In the scheme	7,028
H01J49/26	Mass spectrometers or separator tubes	H01J49/00	In the scheme	7,009
G02B21/008	Details of detection or image processing, including general computer control	G02B21/00	In the scheme	6,995
B01L2200/147	Employing temperature sensors	B01L	In the scheme	6,983
B01L2300/046	Function or devices integrated in the closure	B01L	In the scheme	6,933
B01L9/527	Supports specially adapted for flat sample carriers, e.g. for plates, slides, chips for microfluidic devices, e.g. used for lab-on-a-chip	B01L	In the scheme	6,826
B01L9/52	Supports specially adapted for flat sample carriers, e.g. for plates, slides, chips	B01L	In the scheme	6,819
B01L2300/1805	Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks	B01L	In the scheme	6,807
B01L2300/0838	Capillaries	B01L	In the scheme	6,726
B01L3/0275	Interchangeable or disposable dispensing tips	B01L	In the scheme	6,716
B01L2400/0683	Valves, specific forms thereof phase change valves; Meltable, freezing, dissolvable plugs; Destructible barriers mechanically breaking a wall or membrane within a channel or chamber	B01L	In the scheme	6,659
G02B21/0012	Surgical microscopes	G02B21/00	In the scheme	6,588
G01N24/081	Making measurements of geologic samples, e.g. measurements of moisture, pH, porosity, permeability, tortuosity or viscosity	G01N24/00	In the scheme	6,490
B01L2400/0688	Valves, specific forms thereof surface tension valves, capillary stop, capillary break	B01L	In the scheme	6,436
B01L2300/0822	Slides	B01L	In the scheme	6,423
H01J49/004	Combinations of spectrometers, tandem spectrometers, e.g. MS/MS, MSn	H01J49/00	In the scheme	6,390
B01L2200/0621	Control of the sequence of chambers filled or emptied	B01L	In the scheme	6,387
B01L2200/028	Modular arrangements	B01L	In the scheme	6,366
B01L2400/0655	Valves, specific forms thereof with moving parts pinch valves	B01L	In the scheme	6,331
B01L2300/0809	Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped	B01L	In the scheme	6,222
B01L2300/047	Additional chamber, reservoir	B01L	In the scheme	6,051
H01J49/0027	Methods for using particle spectrometers	H01J49/00	In the scheme	5,917
B01L3/502723	Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by venting arrangements	B01L	In the scheme	5,873
H01J37/265	Controlling the tube; circuit arrangements adapted to a particular application not otherwise provided, e.g. bright-field-dark-field illumination	H01J37/26	In the scheme	5,792
B01L9/00	Supporting devices; Holding devices	B01L	In the scheme	5,647
B01L3/502792	Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements specially adapted for droplet or plug flow, e.g. digital microfluidics for moving individual droplets on a plate, e.g. by locally altering surface tension	B01L	In the scheme	5,606
G02B21/002	Scanning microscopes	G02B21/00	In the scheme	5,599
B01L3/50851	Rigid containers without fluid transport within for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates specially adapted for heating or cooling samples	B01L	In the scheme	5,559
B01L2300/168	Specific optical properties, e.g. reflective coatings	B01L	In the scheme	5,522
H01J49/04	Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components	H01J49/00	In the scheme	5,513
B01L2300/18	Means for temperature control	B01L	In the scheme	5,416
B01L2300/023	Sending and receiving of information, e.g. using Bluetooth®	B01L	In the scheme	5,408
H01J49/025	Detectors specially adapted to particle spectrometers	H01J49/00	In the scheme	5,397
B01L2300/16	Surface properties and coatings	B01L	In the scheme	5,353
B01L3/0293	Apparatus for withdrawing or distributing predetermined quantities of fluid for liquids	B01L	In the scheme	5,351
B01L3/0268	Drop counters; Drop formers using pulse dispensing or spraying, eg. inkjet type, piezo actuated ejection of droplets from capillaries	B01L	In the scheme	5,293
B01L7/525	Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples with physical movement of samples between temperature zones	B01L	In the scheme	5,262
B01L2300/0874	Three dimensional network	B01L	In the scheme	5,216
G02B21/00	Microscopes	G02B21/00	In the scheme	5,194
B01L2300/043	Hinged closures	B01L	In the scheme	5,173
B01L2400/0677	Valves, specific forms thereof phase change valves; Meltable, freezing, dissolvable plugs; Destructible barriers	B01L	In the scheme	5,100
G02B21/24	Base structure	G02B21/00	In the scheme	5,092
B01L2400/0421	Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic electrophoretic flow	B01L	In the scheme	5,087
B01L2400/0427	Electrowetting	B01L	In the scheme	5,037
G02B21/36	Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements	G02B21/00	In the scheme	4,970
B01L3/5029	Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures using swabs	B01L	In the scheme	4,944
B01L2300/041	Connecting closures to device or container	B01L	In the scheme	4,937
B01L2200/0631	Purification arrangements, e.g. solid phase extraction [SPE]	B01L	In the scheme	4,935
B01L2300/165	Specific details about hydrophobic, oleophobic surfaces	B01L	In the scheme	4,919
B01L3/527	Containers specially adapted for storing or dispensing a reagent for a plurality of reagents	B01L	In the scheme	4,723
B01L2400/0644	Valves, specific forms thereof with moving parts rotary valves	B01L	In the scheme	4,664
H01J49/165	Electrospray ionisation	H01J49/00	In the scheme	4,642
B01L2200/0642	Filling fluids into wells by specific techniques	B01L	In the scheme	4,605
G02B21/22	Stereoscopic arrangements	G02B21/00	In the scheme	4,592
B01L3/0217	Pipettes, i.e. with only one conduit for withdrawing and redistributing liquids of the plunger pump type	B01L	In the scheme	4,590

Match: Through its tools

The classification names the equipment or technology the capability draws on, not the capability. The count says how much is being invented for it, not how well it is done. Captures the instruments research depends on, not research output; laboratory apparatus and microscopes are also used in industry and clinics. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

Other capabilities in Research Talent & Knowledge Creation

Research Workforce
Talent Attraction & Retention