Governance & Integrity

Electoral Management & Integrity

The capacity to run elections that hold: an electoral management body with independence and competence, registration and results machinery that works under pressure, and dispute resolution that settles outcomes rather than igniting them. One of the capabilities of Political Institutions & Civic Participation.

International families: 4222015 to 2024
Leading country: United States1.5× the next
All families: 1,987home filings included
Over five years: Falling2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

United States

China

South Korea

Japan

France

Russia

India

Taiwan

Cayman Islands

Canada

121


1	United States	121	28.7%	0.8×	408
2	China	80	19.0%	1.3×	881
3	South Korea	56	13.3%	2.1×	343
4	Japan	21	5.0%	1.1×	105
5	France	21	5.0%	0.5×	29
6	Russia	10	2.4%	0.7×	10
7	India	9	2.1%	1.3×	13
8	Taiwan	8	1.9%	0.6×	17
9	Cayman Islands	8	1.9%	0.0×	10
10	Canada	7	1.7%	0.2×	23
11	Germany	6	1.4%	0.5×	6
12	United Kingdom	6	1.4%	0.5×	12
13	Switzerland	6	1.4%	0.5×	7
14	Australia	6	1.4%	0.5×	11
15	Ireland	5	1.2%	0.0×	5
16	Finland	4	0.9%	0.0×	5
17	Spain	4	0.9%	3.0×	8
18	Türkiye	4	0.9%	–	14
19	Brazil	4	0.9%	1.0×	7
20	Poland	4	0.9%	3.0×	5
21	Italy	3	0.7%	0.5×	3
22	Israel	3	0.7%	0.5×	6
23	Sweden	2	0.5%	1.0×	2
24	Singapore	2	0.5%	0.0×	4
25	Denmark	1	0.2%	0.0×	1
26	Belgium	1	0.2%	0.0×	1
27	Hong Kong	1	0.2%	0.0×	2
28	Netherlands	0	0.0%	–	1
29	Luxembourg	0	0.0%	–	1
30	Mexico	0	0.0%	–	1
31	Malaysia	0	0.0%	–	1
32	Portugal	0	0.0%	–	1

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Electoral Management & Integrity. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

422 international families

ALIBABA GROUP HOLDING LTD · China

ADVANCED NEW TECHNOLOGIES CO LTD · Cayman Islands

TENCENT TECH SHENZHEN CO LTD · China

ALIBABA GROUP SERVICES LTD · Cayman Islands

NCHAIN HOLDINGS LTD · Switzerland

NCHAIN LICENSING AG · Switzerland

United States

121 international families

PANASONIC IP CORP AMERICA

MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INC

CLEAR BALLOT GROUP INC

XEROX CORP

ALGORAND INC

CHAUM DAVID

China

80 international families

TENCENT TECH SHENZHEN CO LTD

ALIPAY HANGZHOU INF TECH CO LTD

ALIPAY HANGZHOU TECH CO LTD

HANGZHOU FUZAMEI TECH CO LTD

HANGZHOU QULIAN TECH CO LTD

HUAWEI TECH CO LTD

South Korea

56 international families

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS RES INST

LINE PLUS CORP

ERMI

KOREA SMART AUTHENTICATION CORP

AHN JOON YOUNG

B SQUARE LAB CO LTD

Japan

21 international families

HITACHI LTD

NEC CORP

NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE

TOTO LTD

ASTERIA CORP

CHINO HITOSHI

France

Japan

South Korea

China

Canada

584

369

224

199

Strategic Infrastructure

Justice & Corrections

0.5% shared · 14 families in both

United States

Japan

South Korea

China

Canada

667

396

245

243

Financial Strength

Payment & Market Infrastructure Oversight

0.4% shared · 66 families in both

United States

China

South Korea

Japan

Cayman Islands

6,452

2,381

1,618

1,604

589

Financial Strength

Long-Term & Institutional Capital

0.4% shared · 17 families in both

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Canada

1,486

868

498

378

172

Crosswalk

How Electoral Management & Integrity is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 5 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

Entry	Title in the scheme	Why it is chosen	CPC codes	IPC codes	Documents
G07C13/00	Voting apparatus	Voting apparatus and ballot boxes	3	2	7,500
G06Q2230/00	Voting or election arrangements	Voting or election arrangements	1	none	1,596
H04L2209/463	Electronic voting	Cryptographic electronic voting	1	none	2,661

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Electoral Management & Integrity: 5 codes on 10,635 documents. The full crosswalk is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

Code	Title	Under entry	How placed	Documents
G07C13/00	Voting apparatus	G07C13/00	In the scheme	5,468
H04L2209/463	Electronic voting	H04L2209/463	In the scheme	2,661
G06Q2230/00	Voting or election arrangements	G06Q2230/00	In the scheme	1,596
G07C13/02	Ballot boxes	G07C13/00	In the scheme	615
G07C13/005	Voting apparatus operating mechanically	G07C13/00	In the scheme	295

Match: Through its tools

The classification names the equipment or technology the capability draws on, not the capability. The count says how much is being invented for it, not how well it is done. Captures voting machines and electronic voting; the last two entries are CPC only, and registration, independence and dispute resolution are not captured. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

Other capabilities in Political Institutions & Civic Participation

Legislature & Deliberative Institutions
Citizen Participation & Civic Space